Neural Tube Defects are abnormal formations of the brain and spinal cord that occur when a baby is being formed during pregnancy. These babies are born with swellings at the back — at any part of the back — or on the face. The common types include myelomeningocele, meningocele, and encephalocele — collectively known as Spina Bifida.

The brain and spinal cord form in the first 3–4 weeks of pregnancy. By the 4th week, their development is complete — meaning any malformation has already occurred. Most women don't know they are pregnant until at least 1 month, plus a few days or weeks. By then, the window to prevent an NTD has already passed. This is why folic acid must be taken before pregnancy.

Spina Bifida can be largely prevented by daily intake of folic acid before pregnancy and during early pregnancy. Research shows this can reduce the chances of NTDs by 50–70%. The recommended dose for all women of childbearing age (9–50 years) is 400 micrograms (0.4mg) per day. Women who have had a previous NTD pregnancy or who take anticonvulsant medication should take 4–5mg/day.

Folic acid can be bought from any pharmacy in Nigeria. It costs approximately ₦700 for 100 tablets — a negligible amount. It is also available as part of most antenatal vitamin supplements. Food sources include whole grains, fortified cereals, dried beans, spinach, ugwu (fluted pumpkin), and oranges — though supplementation is essential as food alone is rarely sufficient.

Babies with NTDs require surgery to close the defect and prevent infection such as meningitis — since the brain and spinal cord are exposed. Surgery does not correct already-damaged nerves but prevents further damage. Many children will have some neurological deficit including weakness of the legs, club foot, bladder and bowel incontinence, or paralysis, depending on the location and extent of the defect.

FFF offers multiple support pathways: surgery sponsorship (subject to funding), continence management clinics through the SLIF Project, support groups in Lagos and Ile-Ife, counselling and specialist referrals, inclusive education support, and community awareness. Contact our Lagos office to speak to a team member about which programme is right for your family.